Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)
THE RISE OF THE EMPIRE: As the Ottomans moved into Europe, they bypassed Constantinople and made it their capital city, renamed it Istanbul, and converted the great cathedrals such as the Hagia Sophia into mosques.
RULERS OF THE EMPIRE:
Osman: a leader of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Antolia in the 13th century. He was the founder of this
empire.
Semil I: Came into power in 1512. His reign was noticeable because of the ginormous expansion of the empire under his rule.
Suleiman the Magnificent: he ruled from 1520-1566. He commanded the greatest Ottoman assault against Europe conquering many
territories. Not only did build up the ottoman military, but he also actively encouraged development
of the arts. The Ottoman Empire experienced a golden age under his reign lasting from 1520- 1566
Mehmet the Conquer: He was sultan of the Ottoman Empire, first for a short time from 1444 to September1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481. At the age of 21 he conquered Constantinople and brought and end to the Byzantine empire, transforming the Ottoman state into an empire. Mehmet is regarded as a national hero in turkey and many things today are named after him.
RULERS OF THE EMPIRE:
Osman: a leader of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Antolia in the 13th century. He was the founder of this
empire.
Semil I: Came into power in 1512. His reign was noticeable because of the ginormous expansion of the empire under his rule.
Suleiman the Magnificent: he ruled from 1520-1566. He commanded the greatest Ottoman assault against Europe conquering many
territories. Not only did build up the ottoman military, but he also actively encouraged development
of the arts. The Ottoman Empire experienced a golden age under his reign lasting from 1520- 1566
Mehmet the Conquer: He was sultan of the Ottoman Empire, first for a short time from 1444 to September1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481. At the age of 21 he conquered Constantinople and brought and end to the Byzantine empire, transforming the Ottoman state into an empire. Mehmet is regarded as a national hero in turkey and many things today are named after him.
Janissaries:
to conquer large territories, the Ottomans enslaved children of Christian subject and turned them into fighting warriors which created a new elite military group.
Devshirme:
when the Ottomans conquered the Balkans, they instituted a system in which they required required Christians of the area to contribute young boys salves of the sultan.
The architectural ties of the Ottoman Empire developed from earlier traditions and were greatly influenced by Byzantine cultures. Many of the Ottomans most famous designs incorporate elements of Byzantine influence, such as overwhelming size, majesty, and splendour. For almost 400 years, Byzantine architectural artifacts such as the church of the Hagia Sophia, served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques. Overall, Ottoman architecture has been influenced greatly by traditions of the Mediterranean and Middle East and still today shows traits of
neighboring empires.
Battle of Lepanto: took place on October 7,1571 when a fleet of the Holy League decisively defeated the main fleet of the Otttoman Empire in
five hours of fighting on the northern edge of Greece. The victory of the Holy League prevented the Ottoman Empire from expanding further along the side of the Mediterranean
Economic history of Ottoman
Empire-The city of Istanbul was the crossroads of trade between the east and west. Caravans and ships carried silk, tea, spices, and porcelin. From the Black Sea in southern Russia came ships with furs, gain, and Amber. There was a considerable state supervision in commercing many regulations and a tax on almost every transaction. License were needed for merchants, sea captains,
and in other businesses.
Religion of Ottoman Empire- the majority of people were Sunni Muslim, but expansion into Europe, the Caucasus, and Eygpt meant that large numbers of Christians and Jews were also subject to the sultans rule.
Infrastructure of the Ottoman Empire- a goal of early sultans was to restore the city to its former glories, and many beautiful palaces, religious schools, hospitals, and mosques were built.
Social structure: a large number of merchants and artisans who lived in the empires urban areas. Artisian so were organized into guilds, just as their counterparts in Europe had been, and craft standards were generally high since they are closely supervised by the
government.
Type of Government: the Sultans ruled the empire as absolute monarchs. Day to day running of the empire was in the hands of the Grand Vizier, the chief minister. He had a beuracracy staffed by Adjemi. As long as tribute and taxes kept flowing back to the central government and the governors supplied military contingents for campaigns, these governors were left alone.